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The sentence of the generation of the Flood lasted twelve months, the sentence of the Egyptians lasted twelve months, the sentence of Job lasted twelve months, the sentence of Gog of Magog lasts twelve months, the sentence of the wicked in Gehenna lasts twelve months. Nebuchadnezzar was three and a half years. Sennacherib was over three and a half years. Vespasian was three and a half years.

-Eikhah Rabbah 1:40
Calendar Jewish | Magog | Prophecy | Rabbah | Talmud
  • May the spirits of those who attempt to calculate the final time [in Daniel for the coming of the Messiah] die!
  • Rabbi Jacob said: This world (age) is like a lobby before the Age to Come; prepare yourself in the lobby so that you may enter the banquet hall… He used to say: Better is one hour of repentance and good deeds in this age than all the life of the Age to Come; and better is one hour of bliss in the Age to Come than all the life of this age.
  • The school of Eliyahu (Elijah) taught: Six thousand years is the duration of the world. Two thousand of the six thousand years are characterized by chaos; two thousand years are characterized by Torah, from the era of the Patriarchs until the end of the mishnaic period; and two thousand years are the period of the coming of the Messiah. Six thousand years is the duration of the world, and it is in ruins for one thousand years. The duration of the period during which the world is in ruins is derived from a verse, as it is stated: “And the Lord alone shall be exalted on that day” (Isaiah 2:11). That is the course that history was to take, but due to our many sins, the Messiah did not come after four thousand years passed, and furthermore, the years that elapsed since then, which were to have been the messianic era, have elapsed.
  • The Sages taught in a baraita: With regard to the seven-year period, i.e., the Sabbatical cycle, during which the Messiah, son of David, comes: During the first year, this verse will be fulfilled: “And I will cause it to rain upon one city and cause it not to rain upon another city” (Amos 4:7). During the second year of that period, arrows of famine will be shot, indicating that there will be famine only in certain places. During the third year there will be a great famine, and men, women, children, the pious, and men of action will die, and the Torah is forgotten by those who study it. During the fourth year there will be plenty but not great plenty. During the fifth year there will be great plenty and they will eat, and drink, and rejoice, and the Torah will return to those who study it. During the sixth year, heavenly voices will be heard. During the Sabbatical Year, wars, e.g., the war of Gog and Magog, will be waged involving the Jewish people. During the year after the conclusion of the Sabbatical Year, the son of David will come.
  • Woe to the worthless shepherd who abandons the flock! May a sword fall on his arm and his right eye! May his arm wither completely away, and his right eye become completely blind!
  • What were these twelve months for? From the [new collection] they would offer the continual sacrifices and the additional sacrifices, the libations, the omer, the two loaves, and the showbread, all the communal offerings, and the guards of the towers of Edar [Migdal Eder] and the guards of the city.